If you
have varicose veins, you're not alone:
As many as 30% of Americans will develop them
at some point in their lives, says Kathleen Gibson, MD, a surgeon at Lake
Washington Vascular in Bellevue, Washington. "Varicose veins form in the
layer of fat between the muscle and skin," she explains. As we age or
experience hormone changes, the valves in our leg veins weaken, and may allow
blood to leak backwards. When the blood pools like that, it can cause the veins
to dilate and bulge.
The good
news is that varicose veins are usually harmless. But in some cases they can
cause physical discomfort—and about 10% of people suffer from more severe side
effects (such as swelling and bleeding). Here, Dr. Gibson fills us in on
possible treatments for varicose veins, whether you're hoping to disguise them
or ease troublesome symptoms.
What are
some of the myths about varicose veins?
"One of the most common misconceptions I hear about
varicose veins is that they're only a cosmetic problem," says Dr. Gibson.
"They can also impact an individual's quality of life by causing aching,
throbbing, heaviness, itching, and cramps."
And while
many people believe varicose veins occur only in people who are overweight or
only women, they can appear in all body types, and men, too. Dr. Gibson says.
They tend to run in families, and are influenced by hormones, often appearing
for the first time during pregnancy.
Another
misconception? That varicose veins require invasive surgery to treat:
"Most patients with varicose veins can have a minimally-invasive procedure
to close them," says Dr. Gibson. (More on that later.)
How
concerned should you be if you've got varicose veins?
For many
people, varicose veins are a cosmetic issue and nothing more. But in severe
cases, they can cause leg swelling, rashes, skin discoloration, skin
thickening, and painful ulcers. "Sometimes the blood flow in varicose
veins can slow until a blood clot forms, called phlebitis," says Dr.
Gibson. "And in rare occasions, varicose veins can bleed after minor
trauma or even spontaneously, usually around the ankle." (If this happens
to you, make an appointment with your doc right away, she says, even if the
bleeding stops.)
The
bottom line? It doesn't hurt to get your varicose veins checked out, especially
if they're causing you physical discomfort. "Your clinical evaluation will
determine whether your vein problems are a health issue, a cosmetic issue, or
both," says Dr. Gibson.
How can
varicose veins be treated?
"We're lucky in that there are several procedures,"
says Dr. Gibson. "The old days, when patients were treated with vein
stripping, a procedure that required lengthy recovery time, are in the
past."
Today's
options include sclerotherapy (injections of a solution that cause the problem
vein to scar, forcing blood into healthier veins), endothermal ablation (a
technique that uses a laser or high-frequency radio waves to seal off the
vein), microphlebectomy (a minimally invasive surgery), or compression
stockings, which can ease discomfort and are often used in conjunction with
other treatments.
But
remedies are quickly evolving. "In the past several years, a few new
procedures using sclerotherapy have emerged," Dr. Gibson adds, citing a
device called ClariVein and a drug called Varithena. The newest treatment,
VenaSeal, was approved by the FDA last year. It uses a medical adhesive
(injected via catheter) to close off veins.
"Each of these treatments has advantages, and every
varicose vein patient is different," says Dr. Gibson. "The best treatment
for anyone is the treatment that you discuss and agree upon with your
healthcare provider."
Are there
any non-medical fixes?
Unfortunately, since varicose veins can be
caused by a variety of factors (including genetics), there aren't any reliable
natural or home remedies, Dr. Gibson says. What's known is that rapid weight
gain or obesity, and standing for long periods of time can worsen any vein
issues that exist; and getting regular exercise may help prevent vascular
problems from arising in the first place.
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